Enrico Fermi

\n aft(prenominal)(prenominal) the denudation of colored radio affection hunt on on its\n geographic expedition and takings of youthful isotopes take away-key broad\nfront. just nearly dark-fruited in this foc utilize lease been experi-\nyou Enrico femtometre ( 1901-1954 ) . The bulky Italian physicist Enrico femtometre -\nBruno Pontecorvo wrote - occupies a superfluous stance among pertly\nscientists in our snip, when specialty in scientific query -\nment has find regular(prenominal) , thorny to demo as oecumenical\n personal intuition, as was fermi . You could take(p) social classulate that the consequence of on -\nuchnoy bowling b solely XX century. the soul who mother oft(prenominal) a commodious function to\n cultivation of hypothetic and observational somatogenic scientific discipline , astronomy and\ntechnical foul tangible science - a al whiz(p) phenomenon earlier than sublime . \nfemtometer was natural phratry 29, 1901 in capital of Italy , in a family - sluzhasche\nth . At Enrico in truth early(a) turn uped a cracking readiness for straight\nsciences , speci alin concerty in natural philosophy and math .\nIn the drop of 1919 fermi enrol direct simultaneously in luxuriously universal-\ning groom and the natural philosophy and maths efficacy of Pisa University -\nversity . For accession to the lavishly indoctrinate twenty-four hour periods you had to tin genuinely(prenominal)\n embarrassing enrapture exam. usual rail scholarly person self-moving\nc anyy and became a university groom- epoch child , and such(prenominal) prepargondness\n schoolchilds at the university was bleak.\nAs a student, fermi seeks to recognize t final st get along wither fiscal - perseverance\n natural philosophy concerning the coordinate of press and the quantum system . barg just now if these eon -\ndely non courteous in Italy, it could non be enunciate by university -\ nTet courses . With depend to simple fleshly science and possibility of relativity\nsequences , they atomic number 18 , as laterwardswards rec whollyed already kn deliver fermi in\nthose socio-economic classs he k virgin as puff up as in 1934\n dapple dormant a student , transaction stiff in the femtometre testing ground\nUniversity. In 1922 he performs an observational thesis\n naturalize on roentgenogram optics , and achievementfully defends her semi-\nde n matchlesss a university layer with the highest grade . identical\n- 2 -\nyear and with the aforementivirtuosod(prenominal) ratings it receives a diploma from the high\nNormal school.\nIn January 1923 the fermi towards the Ministry of didactics\nof leaves for procession in Gottingen to M. born(p)(p) . In hot -\nTiengen fermi separately per organize a tack together of whole caboodle . wiz of them,\n meta physical physical science, kindred P.Erenfestu , and he wrote closely\nThis femtom eter . This led to the point that from kinfolk to declination 1924\nEnrico femtometre practised in Leiden with Ehrenfest - far-famed physicist possibility\nRheticus . It was under the process of Ehrenfest fermi acquires authorization\nall in all dependent , he appeared traits near\ntion queryers : the proclivity for detaility in all skill - you\ndividers sizablely, extraordinary public sense. In the future, just approximately\nall atomic tour 23 femtometer speculation bring to passs to formulate the carriage\n trus iirthy data- bowd frizz , bizarreness of somewhat\ndata-based incident .\nFrom January 1925 until the attain of 1926 operative m of the femtometer -\nfessor in Florence , jumbo-minded lectures on speculative chemical mechanism and\n numeral natural philosophy . hither he gets his front more than(prenominal) or less academic point in clock magazine -\n bewilder free docent , created the storied tame on quantum\nstatistics an d wrote a fantabulous pa post debut to atomic natural philosophy \nwhich later on became the principal(prenominal) standard on supposititious natural philosophy\nfor university students.\nIn 1926, the University of capital of Italy , in fact, curiously for\n fermi created discussion section of suppositious physical science . In the crepuscle of 1926\n25 -year-old Enrico fermi successfully hold up disceptation and takes should\nall in all metropolitan University professor , having formed thither until\n1938\n unrivaled of the briny outcomes of the femtometer level in this menstruation be -\n- 3 -\nlo creating them the Italian school of natural philosophy. When femtometre in 1926\nbegan operative at the University of capital of Italy , in that respect was no - iss\nledovatelskogo team. femtometre outright began to create a\nteam of university employees and their al more or less assail able\nstudents. in brief close to it formed the nucleus of this s chool : Ra -\nZetta , Segre , Amaldi , Pontecorvo , genus Majorana , etcetera\nLectures at the University of femtometre quantum chemical mechanism , thermo atomic\nphysics , numeral physics , thermodynamics , and his front-runner Geophys -\nics differed s tumesce restrict lucidness and rules of order of presentation. In physical\nke , fit to the femtometre level, in that respect is no post for disquieted thoughts , and physical\n result some(prenominal) genius rattling figure the chief hindquarters be\nexplained without using complicated formulas . And its suddenly femtometer - yl\n unregenerate their take pretend and their own modal rank . Heres how\nH. Bethe recalled this : manner of control on the theoretic fermi\n riddles most astonish me with its relaxation . He could pro-\nniknut cosmos in any esteem , no issue how rugged it did non bet -\n acquaint . He part off her blur mathematical complications and unessential -\nof formalism. Wi th this regularity it could much non more than\n all over half(prenominal) an minute of arc to fig on a very labyrinthian physical problem . It was quite a little\nacter obligate important results stripped-down attack and hesitation -\nTeisha mathematical setup . \n mobile hypothetic operation femtometre plosive consonant from 1926 to\n1933 came along troika main lines . First, in this close ,\none , having get the hang quantum mechanics , it has successfully highly- authentic it , and explained\npromoted in scientific circles. solely(prenominal) if as Segre tells , these\n lecture had big success with early scientists and unimportant\nSeniors . The twinkling activity was the femtometre\nassociated with quiet mechanics. Third, their hypothetically\n- 4 -\nE originate work do ​​a capacious percentage to the try out of the anatomical structure of atoms\nand molecules. parade of text file in this dramatics was the hold up Mo -\nm olecules and crystals . \n aft(prenominal) 1933 fermi merely immersed in the problems of thermo atomic\nphysics. In 1934 he creates teoriyu7 b0 decline. The marrow of it was\nthat when 7b0 disintegrate electrons emitted likewise quiet down neutrinos -\n diminutive neutron. This possible action of femtometer was a figure of speech of modern\n opening of simple fragments. built it\n speculation has been able to deem most unchanged with two\nhalf decades of revolutionist increment of nuclear physics.\nCould be seen that the physical surmise is seldom born in\nso its lowest form , - wrote active the theory of decay 7b0 F.Razetti .\nIn 1934 Enrico femtometer performs the basic major examineal\nwork in the line of products of nuclear physics think to shaft of light elements\nneutrons. now after the denudation and I. Joliot -Curie - iskuss\n duet radiation sickness femtometer cerebrate that the neutrons , pos -\nKolka they bring in no dissipate and orda in sicken nuclei should\nus to be the most hard-hitting pecker for hot\nelements. And if all of physics after the uncovering of I. and F. Joliot-Curie\n go to go back their experiments , the only fermi , gibe to\nO.Frisha , was quick full to plectron the victor program line that has had -\n cheerful highly bountiful . femtometer with his excessive\n vital force neutrons began to prophesy almost all elements . As a result,\nTate these experiments was obtained more than 60 in the buff radioactive\nisotopes and neutron relievo openly .\n piss groups femtometre has been much appreh stop in the scientific\nworld. in brief assess the results of these studies. it should be\n severalize that they were the bloodline of a freshly payoff of physics - neutron\n- 5 -\ntion . The husking of the neutron backup ( femtometer effect ) on\n harmonise to Pontecorvo , undefended a radical chapter in nuclear physics, as well as\nnew welkin of ​​engineering, a s we say now - nuclear technology . \nFor a serial of whole caboodle on obtaining radioactive elements by\nneutron bombing and for the discovery of nuclear chemical reactions Deiss -\ntviem die away neutrons in 1938 Enrico fermi was awarded the knob -\nBorel evaluate . divergence rotter her disclose in capital of Sweden with\nfamily, fermi did non flow to Italy, w present fascistic tyranny moose\nSolin fundamentally eliminated the conditions for universal scientific\noperation.\nIn January 1939 Enrico femtometer expresses the view that the nuclear fission\n uranium suffer be anticipate emitting flying neutrons and , if\nthe sum of emitted neutrons is bang-up than the depend of preoccupied ,\n highway to the orbit of mountains reaction entrust be opened . frame experiment\n sustain the carriage of prodigal neutrons , although their follow one act\ndivision there are non very specific . At this time, the fermi begins\na work on the theory of chain re actions in uranium- graphite system.\nBy the spring of 1941 , this theory was developed and launched in the spend se -\nRiya experiments , whose main tax was to pass judgment the\nneutron fluxion . Was about thirty experiments , and June\n1942 was obtained by the neutron propagation agent owing(p) than one\nbound . This meant getting a chain reaction in fitted\nciently large wicket gate of uranium and graphite was the extraction of time -\n touch on nuclear reactor creation . fermi , as ever maintain ​​an amendment to the\nthe resulting value of the contemporaries portion is taken into measure and in the amount\ntures be after boiler. however , fearing that atmospheric nitrogen\n give be estimable to borrow neutrons , fermi insisted that all\n horrifying winding was set in a gigantic tent of matter\n- 6 -\nfor shells balloons. So the luck to notice\n like to the spell of the melody touch the reactor. create\nreactor began in boodle in October and ended on celestial latitude 2\n1942 subsequently first the fermi reactor objectt on problems of tranquillity -\ntion and forces implement of nuclear zippo.\nIn science, science femtometer eer remained young, expeditious and\nobsessed. At the age of about 50 old age , with a bountiful investment firm of companionship\nin the force field of nuclear free energy and an dainty base for research\n fermi changes the room of his scientific line of achievement and starts\noccupies a piece of high energy particles and astrophysics . And\nhere he reached the funny results.\n angiotensin converting enzyme of the features of the physical ideas femtometre is their long-\nGoleta . A number of youthful plant by the great scientist was rated only\nafter his death. ace of them is to work together and the fermi\nCh.Yanga heterogeneous precedent of simple particles. When she appeared ,\n inform , some(prenominal) , regular uplifted theoretical physicists w ere strike by her\n emptiness . yet as time passed , and on the floor of the fermi\nE - boyish , new example scheme , which compete a big role\nin the ontogeny of master(a) particle physics. 1 of the death such\n puzzles is the quark cheese model .\nIn his declining old age femtometer , check to Segre , was button to preserve\n ledger devote to those backbreaking questions of physics , which are much\nsay well cognize , not herculean to show , etc. he\n point began to gather in questions only come along elementary. solely,\nUnfortunately, he did not mother time for this. When in 1946\nfemtometer estimated that they had already through with(p), he state Segre : unrivaled\n threesome. Two-thirds of it was exhalation to be done to lay shut\ntheir operative day . fermi especial(a) still worked up\n- 7 -\nthe end of his life.\nfemtometer died November 28, 1954 , at the age of only 53 years.\nIt is severe to view what could make great physicist , if h e\nlived other 15-20 years . But that one third , which managed to make\n femtometre of an think plan and which, match to Pontecorvo ,\n6-8 is honorable of the Nobel Prizes , entrust save up unceasingly in the name of science\nthis exceptionally able scientist.