Adults in Rebound Relationships: A Narrative Inquiry

Adults in Rebound Relationships A Narrative InquiryAdrienne Maie C. BactolSushmita G. De LeonKyle Marie S. CayabanMa. Fatima G. IsananEverybody has heard of trammel fling. This type of race comes immediately after ending the forward human alliance. Rebounds argon usually not based on love, rather it is just a port for plurality to relieve themselves from the l iodineliness and hurt they felt from their break-up. They argon dubbed as recant race which reflects a park perception that they ar whatsoeverhow unique or different from a non-rebound family.According to Brumbaugh and Fraley (2014), A rebound birth is commonly understood to be a race that is initiated shortly after the end of a significant romantic affinitybefore the feelings nigh the mildewer family relationship flip been fully resolved. The instruction re stick ins a commonly held negative view of rebounds. In sum, the consensus is that a rebound relationship is a band-aid that allowing head off us fr om dealing with overt randy issues bear upond to our previous relationship. A band-aid that can only roost in place temporarily and when ended, it still reveals an unhealed wound.People who latterly experienced a judicial separation whitethorn gain from engaging by dint of their emotional distress particularly by means of reflection and determineing a new relationship (Marshall, Bejanyan, Ferenczi, 2013). People rely on the re precedeations of their former assistants in finding a new render to guide the way they relate to others (BrumbaughFraley, 2006). However, according to Spielmann, MacDonald and Tackett (2011), ex- assistant in crimes perceived as having high potential for meaningful connectedness be especially unenviable to get over when current or future partners fall short in satisfying ineluctably for occasion and c resortness. But, focusing on a new relationship options either a new partner or an upbeat outlook on relationships decreases adhesiveness to an ex-partner for anxiously attached individualists (Spielmann, MacDonald, Wilson, 2009). On the other hand, according to Spielmann, Joel, MacDonald and Kogan (2012) ex-partners whitethorn be used in a substitution process to streng whence belongingness lacks when new relationship gets sour.One reasonable way that may assist the process of letting go is to enter into a new relationship (Spielmann et al., 2009). But it does not necessarily mean that the benefits rund by this path in getting over the previous partner outweigh the cost. To this point, in that location is secondary empirical evidence of strong costs to rebound relationships. Indeed, Wolfinger (2007) argues that disjoint and clock clock-to-remarriage statistics provide no supportive evidence for rebound-related problems. Conversely, Brumbaugh and Fraley (2014) made an empirical enquiry about rebound relationships, their research suggests that finding a new partner is salutary comp bed to those people who re primary(prenominal) single after the relationship has ended, and people who waited long-life to start their subsequent relationship has lesser welf be than people who catch their relationship quickly who too had better view of themselves. They overly nominate out that, people who begin their relationship immediately powerfulness arrange some resemblance between their previous partner and new partner. Lastly, whizz reason that people enter into a rebound relationship is to piddle away vengeance to their previous partner and to vent their fury.Relationship TerminationIt is of the essence(p) to acknowledge and understand about rebound relationships from which it has develop. Relationship boundary was associated with amplifications in psychological distress as well decreases in the way that individuals place their satisfaction with life which represents a significant stressor (Rhoades, Kamp Dush, Atkins, Stanley, Markman, 2011). In addition, Marshall et al. represent that people who had painful breakups may allow other people to adopt and be resilient, cleverer, and may be possessed of higher processing of cultivating themselves as an individual. They also established that different attachwork forcet styles of mortal can contribute to ontogenesis of the person after the relationship has terminated.They concluded that a person who has a broken heart and suffered the most has the possibility to encourage themselves to affirm an optimistic transformation. On the other hand, it appears that avoidant individuals appear to feel they have less to lose in highly intimate relationships, and as a result depend less pain when the relationship ends (Spielmann, Maxwell, MacDonald,Baratta, 2012).Relationship termination states that it is commonly dismay even for the person who initiated to end the relationship (Rhoades et al., 2011). It is typical to go through and through with(predicate) a period of grieving after terminating the romantic relationship. D uring this period, people may experience sadness, anger, and sometimes even challenging anxiety (Chung et al., 2003). People also often experience pro put together loneliness after losing a partner (Moller, Fouladi, McCarthy, Hatch, 2003). Certainly, serious consequences may arise if the relationship termination was a divorce such as custody arguments andmonetaryneeds(Wickrama, Lorenz, Conger, Elder, Abraham, Fang, 2006).With these, other than the immediate effects of a relationship loss, the loss of a partner can have a broad impact on life despite the fact that the bulk of the conclusions connected with breakups be hateful but some could be positive.In addition, relationship termination, specifically whenunanticipated, is known to hitthe vox populi toward oneself and self-respect. Amongst the best methods for repairing this, is to prove that the person is congruous and equipped for effectively getting new partner (Campbell, Trapnell, Heine, Katz,Lavallee, Lehman, 1996).In f act, Tashiro and Frazier (2003) states that individualimprovement is common interest breakups. later on you give your previous partner, it may allow you to increase a new feeling of autonomy or change undesirable behaviors and ways of thinking. Research shows individuals who argon intimate relationship have overturn dynamic social lives than single individuals (GerstelSarkisian, 2006). In sum, if the past partner was a poor match or had an unfavorable effect on ones intellectual well-being, the individual may be much satisfied and adjusted without the partner in his or her life.Rebound Relationships and Coping MechanismsCoping mechanisms are utilise by individuals in attempts to resolve difficulties or manage their internal or external demands that are challenging to their psychological resources (Bouchard Theriault, 2003). In addition, Choo, Hatfield and Levine (1996) state that men tend to use emotional distraction or dampening techniques following breakups, involving such things as burying themselves in work or sports to bury or ignore the pain resulting from the recent breakup. Therefore, men leave leaven to avoid the negative thoughts or emotions that are correlated with therelationship termination by focusing their direction elsewhere, which suggests the possibility that mencould also easily distract themselves by means of another relationship. Also, men have a object to be more defenseless, stunned, or disappointed when social terminations happen. They have been found to handle the closure of a sentimental relationship more difficult than women, and also been found to have stronger emotions of pity and depression (Demaray, Malecki, Rueger, 2008). Men are mostly engage in direct outcaste behaviors such as showing up at their ex-partners home. Women, on the other hand, are most likely to engage in less direct unwanted behaviors such as leaving phone messages (Haugaard Seri, 2003). According to Shimek and Bello (as cited in Hill, Rubin Peplau , 1976), women are most likely to initiate the breakup than men do. It could be fictitious that women have experienced less emotional violence and distractions. Women get to be aware of social issues sooner than men do, which permits them to plan for the certain and leave men unexpected revelation. Women tend to start stalking and consistently striving to restart the relationship by their ex-partners as more unreasonable than male. This then introduces theidea that men could be more likely than women to enter into rebound-type relationships after relationshiptermination as a way to redirect themselves away from the negative emotions associated with the recent break-up.However, one longitudinal investigation of undergraduate students examining the forecasting error found that the participants who had undone a two-month romantic relationship, majority part of them inform enhance successfulness after ten weeks. These changes were more unusual in people who reported being really inf atuated with their partners or who had a hard time in pursuing dating another person (Eastwick, Finkel, Krishnamurti, Loewenstein, 2008). In fact, researchers have discovered variety of indicators for emotional recovery after a breakup which assimilate affection for the previous partner, as well as duration of the past relationship, attachment style and situational factors, such as proceeded contact with the ex-partner. They have not given a specific and prudent time parcelling to serve everyone (Locker, McIntosh, Hackney, Wilson, Wiegand, 2010). Locker and colleagues (2010) also found that the shorter length of past relationship and quickness of returning back to a relationship were identified with enhanced social adjustment when assessed alongside with a variety of situational factors including social support. In other words, rapidly engaging in another relationship is more powerful in elevating a return to positive adjustment and relational recovery than more customarily acknowl edged systems such investing time with family or companions. In addition, engagement in a new relationship also seems to allow the individual to prevent depressive states often associated with social projection (Allen Badcock, 2003).Potential Functions of Rebound RelationshipThe period after a separation powerfulness be challenging for some individuals. Entering into another relationship may serve to help with some of these difficulties. One possibility is that individuals may utilize rebound relationships as an adapting coping strategy or asintend to distract themselves from painful emotions. Another possibility is that individuals may use rebound relationships as an approach to support fearlessness to demonstrate themselves or others that they are desirable. dating another person may give a way to take away interest from these negative feelings. Research proposes that individual breakups can reduce thought toward clarity, making them feel less sure of whom they are.(Slotter, Ga rdner, Finkel, 2010).Dating another individual may help to reaffirm ones thought toward oneself and give approval that one is photogenic and deserving of affection and consideration from others. Frazier and Cook (1993) found out that the main consideration in recovering from a relationship termination is confidence. Hence, if individuals might benefit that the relationship proves to be self-affirming to oneself they are more encouraged to try another relationship.Moreover, rebound relationship may be a way for filling a gap left by the previous partner, whether emotional or practical. Maner, DeWall, Baumeister, Schaller (2007) discovered that feelings of attachment can unconsciously change from an sr. relationship partner to another person when there is some take of similarity between two people (Brumbaugh Fraley, 2006). For other people, it may be more overt and helpful if the person found a partner to fill what is left behind by the previous partner. Therefore, for the purpose of vengeance, some individuals may enter into another relationship.People often elicits anger who experienced relationship termination (Sbarra Emery, 2005), and it could be frustrating when one did not admit the separation(Perilloux Buss, 2008).In expressing their fury, individuals may be interested by making vengeance or by striking back and making their partner feel avaricious through finding a new partner. They may be save motivated to show to their previous partner that they do not need to bother him or her, or to make it to the point that the previous partner is not essential anymore (Brumbaugh Fraley, 2014).Current StudyAs such, we know little about what kind of people are likely to be involved in rebound relationships or what functions these relationships might serve. Moreover, it is not obvious whether such relationships are necessarily misguided in the way they are portrayed in popular culture. In fact, studies of relationship scripts suggest it is normative to enter n ew relationships even prior to thedissolution of the old relationship (Richard, Datteri, Lord, 1998).Since there is very little research that touches on the pros and cons of rebound relationships or thevalidity of the claims typically made of them, the present study pull up stakes aim to know the stories of adults who are in the midst of rebound relationship. It aims to understand how they coped emotionallywith their previous relationship, how they describe their present relationship and howother people view their present relationship. The present study entrust also shed light to a deeper meaning of rebound relationship whether entering a new relationship, and the timing of doing so, provide be beneficialor unwholesome to ones new romantic relationship.The current study entrust aim to answer the question, What is the story behind rebound relationships of adults who are in the midst of it?It ordain answer the following specific questionsHow did you cope with your previous rela tionship?How do you describe your present relationship?How do people view your present relationship?MethodResearch DesignWe go away be using a report research on this study. We pull up stakes ask adults, who are in the midst of rebound relationship, to narrate their stories. We chose narrative research design, a qualitative research design, because according to Barrett and Stauffer (2009), narrative inquiry looks at individuals experiences and beliefs through the stories they tell. It also provides complementary knowledge in-depth description, understanding,and clarification of lived experience, with attention tospecifics and complexity (Polkinghorne, 2005). Narrative research design is also a crystalline lens into how humans understand their lives within particularcultures and time. The process of telling, recording, and interpretingpersonal life stories can be a poignant vehicle in understandinghow we create meaning of our being and is well-suited toresearch professional pra ctices (Hoshmand, 2005).ParticipantsThe participants of this study entrust be ten rebounders who are in the midst of rebound relationship for a span of three months and above. Participants essential be 21 40 years old. They shouldhave entered into a new relationship right after ending their previous relationship (at most, a month). Participants will be selected through a sweet sand verbena sampling method. According to Oliver (2006), snowball sampling is type of non-probability sampling in which the researcher starts by distinguishing an individual saw to be a proper respondent. This respondent is then asked to realise an alternate conceivable respondent. The process is repeated until the researcher has gathered fitted teaching. It is now and then called chain letter sampling. Snowball sampling might be a helpful strategy in research interested with conduct that is socially unsuitable.ProcedureIn this study, we will find a participant using a snowball sampling. We will find p articipants by asking our families and friends if they know someone who is in the midst of rebound relationship. After selecting possible participant, they will narrate their story about being in a rebound relationship.The selective information will be collected through an in-depth interview. The sources of data will come from the audiotapes and transcripts of the interviews. During the interview, there will be an interviewer, an beholder on participants behavior, note-taker who will take down notes of the important answers from the participants and a person who will record everything. After collecting the data, the transcripts and the notes during the interview will be encoded to the computer. There will be backup copies that will be stored in a separate location. To maintain confidentiality, in encoding transcripts and audio recordings, participants will be given a number. Also, audio recording will be destroyed after the study. info AnalysisAfter we gathered the information we w ill listen to the recorded audio a number of times. Next, we will transcribe the information and we will carefully read it numerous times. Then, we will summarize the gathered information. All of the content that will address the research questions will be intromitd. Also, the ideas and wordings of the participants will be rephrased at a minimum. We will chart and discuss the information from the narratives of the ten rebounders. Afterwards, we will come up with meanings and eventually, will lead us to stands that will answer our research questions.Data from ten adults in the midst of rebound relationship will be analyzed using thematic compendium thematic psychoanalysis is a method for identifying, analyzing, and reporting patterns (themes) within data. It minimally organizes and describes your data set in rich detail (Braun Clarke, 2006). With this, we will replicate Braun and Clarke (2006) method. This method will be using six phases 1.) familiarizing yourself with your data which includes taking notes or marking ideas for coding that we will then go back to in subsequent phases 2.) generating initial codes which includes production of initial codes from the data3.) searching for themes which re-focuses the analysis at the broader level of themes, rather than codes, includes sorting the different codes into potential themesand head start to examine codes, and consider how different codes may combine together to form an overarching theme4.) reviewing themes which includes two levels of reviewing and refining themes. Level one will include reviewing at the level of the coded data extracts. Level two will consider the validity of individual themes in relation to the data set, but also whether the candidate thematic mapaccurately reflects the meanings evident in the data set as a whole 5.) defining and naming theme we will then define and further refine the themes that we will present for our analysis, and analyses the data within them 6.) producing the r eport, this phase will start when we already have a set of completely worked-out themes, and we will include the final analysis and write-up of the report. After forming the themes, it is important that the analysis will give concise, coherent, logical, non-repetitive, and interesting neb of the story the data will tell within and across themes.

Examining The Types Of Transaction Processing System Information Technology Essay

Examining The Types Of dealings Processing System culture Technology EssayA motion is any thus fart, the real test, the randomness cookd or modified before storing in an information carcass by Transaction work oning featuresBusiness success depends on reliable exertion touch on to contain that orders reach guests on duration, and that partners and suppliers paid and shadow afford. The execute of exploit subroutineing is, in that locationfore, led to a lively part of effectual corporate governance, organizations like the Association of Labour Process Improvement and Transaction Processing Performance CouncilSystems transaction processing companies bear the means to ensure a smooth fast transaction processing for debit and k like a shotledge processes across the enterprise. Usually, a TPS will rescue the following characteristicsA supercomputing rapid processing of transactions is critical to the success of any business now more than ever, given the developme nts in technology and customer demand for prompt action. TPS arrangements have been developed to trade almost immediately to ensure that customer selective information available to the processes they need.ReliabilitySimilarly, customers do non tolerate mis retreats. TPS systems mustiness be designed not except to trade I was neer able to pass through the net, entirely the systems remain permanently even in operation. TPS systems, in that locationfore, argon developed to integrate complete security supervise systems and disaster recovery. These measures maintain the failure rate is within tolerance.Standardization minutes should be processed in the same way each time to maximize efficiency. To ensure this, TPS port wines are developed to obtain identical data for each transaction, regardless of the guest.Controlled accessSince the TPS can be systems such(prenominal) as a powerful business tool, access should be limited to only those employees who require their mathematic al function. Limited access to the system ensures that employees, their qualifications and ability to control, can not affect the failure of the transaction.Qualifying transaction processingTo qualify for TPS, transactions must pass through the acid test. ACID tests associated with the following intravenous feeding-spot conditionsIndividualityAtomicity means that a transaction is either completed or not at all. For showcase, if the m maveny will be transferred from one score to another, it will not become a bone fide transactions, even though both(prenominal) withdrawal and deposit. If an account is charged and others are not appropriated can not be regarded as a measure. TPS systems to ensure that transactions take place in its entirety.ConsistencyTPS systems in a number of run rules (or constraints). If you find a cap that all transactions must have a positive value in a database for each transaction will be rejected with a negative value.Isolation transactions must be entere d in a vacuum instead. For example, if you do a fund between the 2 accounts of debit and credit is make by others seem to take place simultaneously. Funds may be credit to the account before being loaded onto another.ResistanceOnce the transaction can not be undone. To ensure that this happens even if a spill of TPS, a document file created by the completion of all transactions.These four conditions TPS systems to engage in a systematic, standardized and reliable.Types of transactionsThe settlement process should be standardized in order to maximize efficiency, each requires a custom transaction process in accordance with business strategies and processes. For this reason, there are two types of operationsBatch processing green goddess processing is a resource-saving move, the processing of data at preset. batch processing is utile for companies who need to process hand close to volumes of data using limited resources.Examples involve processing transactions for credit card tra nsactions monthly batch processed in real time. Credit card transactions are made only once a month to produce an news report for the customer, batch processing saves computational resources to process separately for each transaction. real-time processingIn many cases, the most of the essence(p) factor is speed. For example, if a bank customer receives a sum of money in the account, it is important to keep processing transactions and updating account balance as soon as possible so that a part of both Bank and guest funds.Database Management IssuesThe purpose of this book are separate and up to date understanding and appreciation for the possible aspects of critical stock-still poorly understood key aspects of the database. It identifies and explains some basic concepts, principles and techniques constantly make trouble for procedurers and suppliers. Evaluate the treatment of these topics in SQL (standard and commercial operations) and provides specific guidance and practi cal advice on how to handle (and how not to). Includes carefully, especially thin and misunderstand issues complex data types, missing information, data depends on the question hierarchies and so on -. Clear and concise format for busy professional database terzetto decades ago relational technology put the database field on a sound scientific basis for the first time. But database industry producers, users, experts and media has failed, in essence, principles, focusing instead on a cookbook approach to yield without conceptual understanding. The consequences have been monetary valuely DBMS products, databases, industriousnesss and development tools are not always perform up to expectation or potential, and may bring forward the wrong questions and incorrect answers.Practical issues in database management is an attempt to create these persistent and costly problem. Written for database designers, developers, managers and users, it addresses the basic, often recurring problems and problems that practitioners even the most experienced here seem to systematically misunderstand, namely Unstructured data and complex data types business rules and implementation of integrity Buttons Copy standardisation and denormalization Entity subtypes and supertypes data hierarchies and recursive queries Redundancy Share query lack of informationFabian Pascal examine these critical issues in detail, comparing the cost of serious mistreatment of the practical benefits of implementing the right solutions. With a focus on principles and practices utilise examples Practice problems in the real world database to provide an assessment of flow technology SQL-based DBMS products and, if possible, provide concrete recommendations and solutions. From the insight provided by practical problems in database management, youll be in better position to evaluate these products, use their skills and weaknesses to avoid.Database architecturedatabase professionals today are faced with more choices when you consider the use of architecture to meet the different needs of employers and / or address of the customer. The textual matter below provides an overview of three main types of database architectures and sub-categories, as well as provide an insight into the strengths of each.Application logical systemThe database architecture is based on how the application logic is distributed throughout the system can be distinguished. Application logic consists of three elements presentation logic, processing logic and logical transshipment center.Presentation logic component is responsible for formatting and presenting data on the screen of the data processing logic manages user data processing logic, business rules, logic and data management logic. Finally, the logical storage unit that is responsible for the storage and retrieval of current devices, such as a hard record book or RAM.In determining the level (s) of these components, we develop a heavy idea what ki nd of architecture and subtype can be achieved.A tier architectureImagine a person on a screen sustainground estimator to load Microsoft Access, a list of personal addresses and phone poesy he or she has stored in MS Windows My Documents folder is used. This is an example of database-tier architecture. class (Microsoft Access) to operate the local users computer, and points to a file stored on the hard disk of the machine, so that access to a unique natural resource and process information. other example of a one-tier architecture is a file-server architecture. In this scenario, a database of the group from a shared location on a computer are stored. Members of a group working with a software parcel such as Microsoft Access, to upload data and process them locally on your computer. In this case, the data may be shared between users, but all processing is performed on the local computer. In fact, only one file server external hard drive from which files are recovered.Another w ay of architecture level showed that the mainframe computer. In this system obsolete, large machines can direct terminal ill with the tools to open, view and manage data. Although this system as a client-server, since all the computing power (both data and applications) is made from a single computer, we have a one-tier architecture.The architecture can be proficient when dealing with data from a particular user (or niggling number of users), and a relatively small amount of data. We are departure to implement something cheap and clean.Two Tier Client/ legion ArchitecturesA two-tier architecture is one that is familiar to many of todays computer users. A coarse implementation of this type of system is that of a Microsoft Windows based client course of instruction that accesses a server database such as Oracle or SQL Server. Users move through a GUI (Graphical User Interface) to communicate with the database server across a network via SQL (Structured Query Language).In two-tie r architectures it is important to note that two configurations exist. A thin-client (fat-server) configuration exists when most of the processing occurs on the server tier. Conversely, a fat-client (thin-server) configuration exists when most of the processing occurs on the client machine.Another example of a two-tier architecture can be seen in web-based database applications. In this case, users act with the database through applications that are hosted on a web-server and displayed through a web-browser such as Internet Explorer. The web server processes the web application, which can be written in a language such as PHP or ASP. The web app connects to a database server to pass along SQL statements which in looseness are used to access, view, and modify data. The DB server then passes back the requested data which is then formatted by the web server for the user.Although this appears to be a three-tier system because of the number of machines required to complete the process, it is not. The web-server does not unremarkably house any of the business rules and therefore should be considered part of the client tier in partnership with the web-browser.Two-tier architectures can prove to be beneficial when we have a relatively small number of users on the system (100-150) and we desire an increased level of scalability.http//www.windowsecurity.com/img/upl/image0011173862784565.gifTwo-Tier Client-Server Architecturehttp//www.windowsecurity.com/img/upl/image0021173862784580.gifWeb-Based, Two-Tier Client-Server ArchitectureN-Tier Client/Server ArchitecturesMost n-tier database architectures exist in a three-tier configuration. In this architecture the client/server model expands to include a middle tier (business tier), which is an application server that houses the business logic. This middle tier relieves the client application(s) and database server of some of their processing duties by translating client calls into database queries and translating data from the database into client data in return. Consequently, the client and server never talk directly to one-another.A interlingual rendition of the n-tier architecture is the web-based n-tier application. These systems combine the scalability benefits of n-tier client/server systems with the rich user interface of web-based systems.Because the middle tier in a three-tier architecture contains the business logic, there is greatly increased scalability and isolation of the business logic, as well as added flexibility in the choice of database vendors.http//www.windowsecurity.com/img/upl/image0031173862902205.gifThree-Tier Client-Server Architecturehttp//www.windowsecurity.com/img/upl/image0041173862902221.gifWeb-Based, Three-Tier Client Server Architecture

Silver Lining in the Sky A Story

Silver Lining in the flip A StorySilver Lining in the SkyWe holes come to here the proverb that life is non bed of roses. It whitethorn learnm the old and over utilise statement, but, it currently is true. We often judge happiness pleasance in lives by economic prosperity, which does non holds true for all the slips. wad may acquire a lot of money, but, are fluid hard put and have forlorn because they feel that money house non procure everything for them. and in case of lack of prosperity, the life itself became difficult because a individual fails to fulfill his dreams and hatfulnot buy or construct according to his wishes. People may have experiences that may convert affect their whole life and transform them to a all told different one. Such experiences keep either cook up a person a sad loser or transform him to a palmy and wise person, these results are strung-out on the personality of the person and how he sees his situation o r world.I have listened ab out and ascertained a person who with the power of optimism and applyfulness changed his miserable and depressed life into the a shining example for everyone. This narrative is about one of the sons of our wetnurse Zainab, who utilize to browse in our since our childhood. I have not seen whatsoeverone so bonny and dedicated in her life, as Zainab. When I was toddler, she was a middle find wo homophile and had two sons and one daughter. With the cartridge holder she spent I our dental plate and the long date for which she worked, she was considered the most entrusted servant of our house and we use to guide our house in her supervision alone and go for hours, but, never prepare anything misplaced or stolen.The long detail about Zainab is actually link to her son similarly. My mom told me that Zainab was not always the same poor and too bad women. She herself belonged to an uneducated and mediocre family, but, her husband was a factually rich man and against the Arabi c traditions, he married Zainab without consultation from his family, thats wherefore his family stayed remote from him forever. Her husband used to work as the in(predicate) broker in stock exchange, but, unluckily, he invested in a unsuccessful company hoping that afterward it will bring more money to him, but his plan failed and he lost all money. This happened after eight years of his marriage with Zainab. A few weeks after that the family was travelling and they got into accident, her husband died on spot her sr. son Khalid apparently bruised his legs only.The death of Khalids flummox came as real loss for the family, with no sources of income and lack of education, unfortunately Zainab had to go to races home and work as maid. She used to work her in several homes to feed them. Khalid was s however, when his begin started working as maid. Initially he got really depressed, when he had to see his stupefy sweeping the floors of others because he himself led the life, wh ere people used to do work for them. Khalid became really quiet after the death of his father and excessively really sensitive. Being the eldest he realized that he has to treat care of his siblings, but, still the difference in lifestyle and daily mo put a lot of pressure on the nerves of the child. He was always a happy and confident child, but, he started having nightmares and never cute to leave his mothers side. He used to wonder why all this happened to him and his family.It was the time he started meetting lazy and also started kvetch about annoyance in his legs. Initially everyone matte up that he could not adjust in accordance with the evince circumstances. His complaining did not kibosh and with the passage of time deformation in his legs were observed. Later his mother took him to doctor. afterwards looking at his condition, the dr. inquired, whether Khalid was vaccinated for polio, the mother denied any such knowledge. afterward tests, it was revealed that K halid had polio and had become inactivate for his life. It was another pass aback for the family, but, his strong hearted mother always consoled him and taught his to see silver lining in the sky. With the passage of time Khalid intimate that life without entrust s useless. But, he was still offspring boy at that time. Lives without father and also as a paralyzed person seem to be really difficult for him. The real shock came after world. When his father lost his fortune, most of their acquaintances left them on their own, care they had contact ad acquaintances with them only because of their fortune. Even their family friends left them. He used to wonder, why people stopped meeting them and coming to their house. He didnt realize anything until his father died and they were left alone in the world and without any financial aid.Soon after his mother started working as the maid for people, the remaining people stopped their contact and up to now forbade their children to pla y with them. They also have to shift in a smaller place, which was in a slum. Their new friends and acquaintances were the people of that slum. When he got polio, even his new friends started teasing him for his present condition and used to call him by the names of handicap, disfigured and spunky legged. Hearing such words and being called by his helpmates was a real distract for him. He was also fond of soccer before his constipation the pain that he cannot play soccer for ever brought his more pain in the heart. The main issue was that ascribable to lack of funds, he did not have clutches or wheelchair. It means that he was totally dependent on the other for his movements and the daily routine. Most pain came from the fact that, in the slums people were illiterate and had no knowledge of disease polio. Most of the people thought that it was an infectious disease and told their children not to visit Khalid again. How much pain the little boy might have suffered after losing fortune, father and later his friends, who were the only hope at that difficult time?In that time of despair, his mother used to tell him that how they were facing difficulties because she was not educated and did not have awareness about the necessity and essentiality of vaccination. He learned from his mother that a person can bring positive change in his life by studying because it is only education that can bring prosperity and happiness in their lives. He started taking by-line in studies, with the help of one of his employers, Zainab sent her son to a general school. Initially the little boy also got rejected from most of his fellow students, but, his hope and vision of future did not let him go astray. Whenever he felt dejected, his mother was always there to console him. In spitefulness of behavior of his fellow students, he continued to work hard and gave straightlaced attention to his studies. He never felt ashamed that he as to ask a question again and again because he did not get that first time. His attitude helped him to clear his concepts, which later helped him in maturation in his knowledge. At the end of that academic year, Khalid got second position in his class. It was after that, he felt that behavior of his fellow students started changing with him. He was listened to and was respected by his fellow students. This made him realize that how education can help him to earn respect.But, still that was not the end of his misfortunes, the time in which he was supposed to take gateway in high school, his youngest sis got really ill and the money that had been set aside for his admission in high school was spent on his babes treatment. His sister was playing when she tripped while running and a piece of metal entered her limb near wrist. That was a really deep cut and she lost a lot of blood. He used to love his youngest sister a lot and could not see her in such pain. He started thinking that due to lack of money he could not get admis sion in high school and his beloved sister could not get wagerer treatment. They had to take their sister out of hospital early because they did not have enough money. In her home her stitches got infected, but, they could not take her to hospital. Later the infection spread in her whole arm and they had to cut it, in redact to save rest of her body. This was another shock for Khalid, as he felt really helpless because he could not help his sister. He even thought of leaving further education, but, again the hope that his education can help them to survive in this world helped him to continue struggling. Khalid was really glittery student and watching this, my father gave money for his admission in highs school. In high school, he worked even harder and passed with distinction. This gave him opportunity to take admission in college with scholarship.He got admission in the college with scholar ship and chose accounting as the major. In spite of being the difficult subject, his ha rd work helped him to make it easier for him. This path was also not easy for him. Here also, he had to own the typical attitude of the people towards handicapped. Some totally rejected him and just about gave more than necessary attention to him. He always wanted to be treated as normal people, but, his wish was never fulfilled. He showed even better result here and later on scholarship got admission in charter Accountancy course. The path was although difficult for him, but was not possible to achieve. He believed that his hard work could help him to achieve whatsoever he wanted. But, in meantime, his mother got ill and they lost their source of finances temporarily. In order to feed his family and get money for her treatment, he had to take tuitions. But, the expensive were more and the tuitions that he used to experience students could not get him enough money. Because of this pressure, he had to leave studies temporarily. He requested for his semester to be frozen(p) and took a minor job at an office. This job along with the tuitions enabled him to give proper treatment to his mother. After the period of six months his mother got recovered and went on her previous job. He continued his studies, but, still gave tuitions because it helped his sibling to get a slightly better living.His efforts and hard work gave his fruits when he passed Chartered Accountancy exam with distinction. His excellent educational record and personal traits like perseverance and hard work helped him to get job in on of the top accountancy firms of the country. He got two promotions in the time of cinque years and now he is working as a successful professional and hisfamily is leading really good life with better lifestyle.Their family still visits us occasionally and the company and the life of Khalid taught me that nothing is difficult in life. We may face difficulties and misfortunes, but, instead of giving importance to them, we should keep our focus on the silver linin g in the sky. Khalid once said that his disability proved to be an actual opportunity in disguise. Because before this disability, he was not serious and determined about doing anything good with his life, later, with the encouragement of his mother he learned the importance of education and hope. He believes that life without hope is nothing. After watching him and listening about his journey, I came to realize that the difficulties in life cannot stop a person from doing anything good because when there is hope and will there is always a promise of better future.

Legal Positivism and Human Rights

effectual incontrovertibility and benevolent Rights1.0 INTRODUCTIONThe financial state workforcet which I take up to size up Is the absolute interval of skillfulicefulness and righteousity proposed by licit logical advantageousness an obstacle to the acceptance of the picture of cle ment rights? for us to evaluate this statement first we have to understand legal positivism and the roots of adult male beingsity rights. Then I would discuss why honor and righteousness crappernot be seperated and if seperated its adverse affects and how homophile rights and cocksure faithfulness should be amalgamated.2.0 LEGAL collateralnessLegal positivism is a mentality in legalism that the existence and study of virtue should depend on social facts and not on merits.1 It is the regard that holiness has no weight in the righteousness that is do and inwroughtised as the rectitude of the state. It should be followed and it is supreme however im moralistic or dirty t hat piece of law or legislation is. There argon several legal thinkers who developed the idea of legal positivism, amongst them the most(prenominal) grownup figures ar Jeremy Bentham, John Austin and HLA Hart.What we essential keep in opinion is that even positivists are divided into 2, inclusive and exclusive positivism. Inclusive positivists are plenty who think that moral constraints endure be embodied into law according to a societys touch sensation. Even HLA Hart was an inclusive (soft) positivist who recollect that the rule of recognition whitethorn incorporate as criteria of legal asperity con chassisity with moral principles or substantive set 2On the other hand are the exclusive positivists who believe that a legal system evokenot integrate moral restraints on legal validity. They believe in the absolute supremacy of the imperative law. i of prominent exclusive (hard) positivists was Joseph Raz who was really a student of HLA Hart.3.0 NATURAL lawfulness AND DERIVATION OF pitying RIGHTS FROM NATURAL LAWNatural law is the direct opposite of coercive law, and is what is defined as gods law or exalted law, which has no loop holes as in man nominate law. It is law which is based on righteousness rather than legality believing that whatsoever man do law which is not morally correct is not law at all. Naturalists argue that positive law is always evolving to attain the threshold of natural law.Some prominent figures who argued for the supremacy of natural law and morality were St. doubting Thomas Aquinas and Thomas Hobbes. The foundation of natural law is religious beliefs and moral rights and wrongs as shown through with(predicate)out history.The notion of human rights, I believe, is derived from natural rights, which in turn is derived from religious and moral beliefs. So the foreign bill of human rights we suffer today actually is a child of natural law itself. John locke, a follower of Thomas Hobbes, and a re todayned philo sopher, piece of music writing about natural rights in Two Treatises Of Government, has said that men are by nature free and equal against claims that God had made all people naturally subject to a monarch. He argued that people have rights, such as the right to life, liberty, and property that have a foundation independent of the laws of whatever particular society 3This is exactly what is entrench in the internationalistic Bill of human rights today. So it is logically arguable, and it is my belief that human race rights is actually natural law/ natural rights itself, in some other form, trying to impose supremacy over positive law just like in the eras passed. Thus if natural law is not genuine as being a part of positive law, human rights thunder mug neer be truly accepted.4.0 WHY LAW AND clean-livingITY CAN non AND SHOULD NOT BE SEPERATEDThe debate for the detachment of moral and legal rights is a heated up debate still ongoing. One of the most remarkable statements regarding this topic was made between HLA Hart and Lon L. Fuller, the latter stating that legal and moral rights can never be separated.Hart argued that there should be a strict separation of law and morality, he denied that there are universally shared inevitable moral standards of legal validity and he also denied that an individual recognizes law as good law based on morality and that individuals may do it based on purely non moral considerations.4Fuller argued that law and morality cannot be separated because they are naturally connected. He found the connection between law and morality in the very subject matter of positivism, the law makers. He gave 8 ways to fail to make a law stating that these rules are demand as they make an inner morality of law. 5In his Journal article Positivism and the Inseparability of Law and Morals, Leslie common has argued that law and morals in fact cannot be separated and quite of the mis taken separability test he had brought into light th e underlying fallibility test. 6Keeping the philosophers arguments forth we can take a scenario to consider what would happen if law and morality were purely separated. If the law making body, the fan tan, if they believed in this strict separation and if they had no sense of moral values in their society while making law, and if they passed a legislation which is in matched with the society beliefs, it would cause havoc. The government that passes such a bill is destined to fall as proved by history with Margaret Thatchers demise after passing the poll tax. For illustration if they passed a bill allowing gay marriage in a strictly Wahhabi Muslim society, it is bound to be met with hatred and might be taken as an insult by the society.5.0 AMALGAMATING gay RIGHTS AND POSITIVE LAWOne can say that the notion of human rights have already been incorporated with positive law of UK after the enactment of Human Rights hazard of 1998. Its secure nature and per s.3 of the proceed all legislation passed, have to be compatible with Individual human rights.7 And if any legislation is incompatible with human rights courts can declare it incompatible under s4 of the HRA 1998 and advise the parliament to make the necessary rectifications.8This power of the HRA 1998 can be shown in the recent case of R (Royal College of Nursing) v SSHD (2010) 9where muniment 3 to the Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups proceed (SVGA) 2006 was incompatible with fraud 6 as the listed person was denied the right to make representations in come out of being listed. The subsection 67(2) and (6) of the Protection of Freedoms Act 2012 came into being to amend this Schedule as a result.6.0 POSITIVE LAW SUPREME IN UKAs we know UK is a dualist country meaning it does not heed to international laws or EU laws. It inescapably its domestic laws to be enacted by the parliament for them to be legally enforceable. This results in a supreme parliament which can bend law at whim (as can be shown in the delay enacting HRA 1998). Even the power vested in courts by HRA 1998 in the form of declaration of incompatibility is a toothless still when dealing with an unjust legislature. Because these declarations are not authoritative, they are just persuasive, so the parliament is does have a choice to keep the legislation as it is in infract of declaration of incompatibility. Another topic which shows the supremacy of positive law in UK, is the Prime ministers hinting on the repealing of the HRA 1998 without a proper backup plan. 107.0 ACCEPTING HUMAN RIGHTS AS MORAL CLAIMS OR POSITIVE LAWWhile analyzing the assumption statement I came upon devil ways in which it could be turn to and according to that I could give my opinion on the validity of the statement. Those two ways are, that human rights could be accepted as moral claims as the statement suggests and then(prenominal) we can evaluate how the separation of morality and law could affect the acceptance of human rights. The sec ond way is that we could claim that human rights is no long-range moral claims but positive law, and then see how the separation of law and morality affects it.7.1 ACCEPTING HUMAN RIGHTS AS MORAL CLAIMSIf Human rights are moral claims as the statement suggests then it is resilient not to have any separation between law and morality. If law and morality is strictly separated as the ideal positivist suggests11 then human rights wont have the supremacy and power it gets to universally protect the rights of individuals. They need to overcome any form of positive law which clashes with it.Human rights are normally accepted as having their behind in morality because natural rights was derived from religious beliefs. I, believe that, both human rights and equity are children of natural law, and for in order for them to be successful, they need to incorporated with positive law but be powerful bountiful to overcome shackles of positive law. Though the supremacy of equity is not dispute d, the supremacy of human rights is.If human rights are moral claims which has no legal validity, evaluate them would be difficult in the light of the separability thesis brought forward by Hart12. If legal positivism is the right mindset and if the Human rights have no legal value, how are the rights of people going to be universally protect? How can one accept Human rights?For simulation, if a country passes horrid laws which infringe the most inviolable rights and if there is no way it can be remedied, the world would fall into chaos. If UK passed a law which says all men shorter than 5 5 should be killed, and if the UDHR has no legal power, no authority, how are the right to life of many people going to be protected? One might say, the parliament would not pass such a bill, but what is stopping them from doing so? There are no legal restrictions to a supreme parliament as in UK, the however thing restraining the legislators from passing such legislation is just one thing. Their moral values.In this context, I would agree with the view of Leslie Green in his article positivism and the inseparability of law and morals13, where he has argued at length that the separation thesis is actually a mistake and had upheld the fallibility thesis.7.2 ACCEPTING HUMAN RIGHTS AS POSITIVE LAWI find it more suitable to say, that Human rights is no monthlong moral claims, after the passing of the International Bill of Human rights ( usual annunciation of Human rights 1948, International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights 1966 and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966) the notion of Human rights is now actually positive law.The heart of this international Bill of Human rights, the Universal Declaration of Human rights 1948, which prescribes inviolable rights for humans, regardless of where they are born, has been endorsed by most/all the countries in the world. alone the problem is, dualist countries like UK, might not endorse th e Declaration into their constitution (as can be inferred from their delay in enacting HRA 1998 and the unavailability of remedies for such issues until the enactment of the Act).My belief, that the notion for human rights is no agelong moral claims and is universal, can be proved by various incidents. Human rights is no longer based on religious or moral rights and wrongs. I say this, because immorality is a subjective query, it will modify from person to person and society to society and from era to era.For example, in a strict Muslim community it might be immoral to take up clothes which expose a lot of skin, but in a modern rainbow society, it might be taken as a norm. For example in USA, women would consider it immoral and against their belief to wear clothes presentation their waist, but in India women consider it immoral to show their hair therefrom wear clothes that cover their hair but they dont mind wearing Saris which expose their waist.So if we were to consider that Human rights to be based on moral claims, it can never be universally accepted because what is moral, is subjective. But this is not the case Saudi Arabia and Irans pressure to make the Cairo Declaration of Human rights in Islam of 1990, to be accepted as the Islamic alternative to international human rights, during the 1993 World Conference on Human rights in Vienna was strongly rejected by the UN writing table General Kofi Anna, who maintained that the human rights are universal.Thus, as moral claims mixed bag from time to time, society to society, individual to individual, human rights is no longer moral, as it is universal and invariable, wherever the individual is. So I believe that through the sands of time, human rights have actually evolved into positive law now.Since it is positive law, the separation of law and morality proposed by positivism, no longer has any effect on the acceptance of the concept of Human rights.8.0 CONUCLUSIONThe notion of human rights cannot be acc epted without accepting the role of morality in positive law. Because if the statement is correct and if Human rights is indeed moral claims then morality needs to be accepted for it to be incorporated into legal systems today.But I find it more suitable to say, that Human rights is no longer moral claims, after the passing of the International Bill of Human rights) the notion of Human rights is now actually positive law. Since it is positive law now, the separation of law and morality proposed by positivism no longer has any effect on the concept of Human rights.The other thing which must be brought into light is that even though human rights is entrenched into the legal system of UK it is not properly followed. If it was properly followed, how can Acts, with provisions which infringe rights of people such as section 44 of Terrorism Act 2000 get enacted? How do they pass the scrutiny of parliament without being spy? The fact they make it through the parliament shows the weakness o f positive law and its failure to protect peoples rights.The present regime of UK has been hinting on repealing HRA 199814 and withdraw out of EU(though now being denied by David Cameron15), but this would only make human rights lose its positive law status in UK and result in more infringement of rights. Repealing the HRA 1998 might not be a bad idea with the proper preparations and a backup Act or Bill of Rights which is set in stone and has much passkey power than HRA 1998 (as the declaration of incompatibility is a toothless remedy which does not enforce the parliament to amend an incompatible legislation).So I believe if HRA 1998 is repealed it should be substituted by a stronger Bill of Rights which has a better remedy than declarations of incompatibility etc. And if such a bill is passed, the legal validity of human rights would no longer be in doubt. The bill which was travel at the end of the debate on 1st March 2013, Human Rights Act 1998 (Repeal and Substitution) Bill 2 012-13, certainly lacked this forceful authority. 16Word Count is 2524 (Excluding circumscribe and Bibliography)9.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY9.1 Table of CasesR (Royal College of Nursing) v SSHD 2010 EWHC 27619.2 Table of StatutesHuman Rights ActSection 3Section 49.3 Text booksHart, H. L. A.Concept of Law.Oxford Clarendon, 1994. gradeFuller, L. L. The Morality of Law. unexampled Haven and London 1961 ebook.9.4 ArticlesGreen, Leslie, Positivism and the Inseparability of Law and Morals. impertinently York University Law Review, sociable Oxford Legal Studies Research paper No. 15/2008. Available at SSRN http//ssrn.com/abstract=1136374 accessed 04th January 2014Green, Leslie, Legal Positivism, The Stanford cyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2009 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.),accessed 04th January 2014 URL = .Tuckness, Alex, Lockes Political Philosophy,The Stanford cyclopaedia of Philosophy(Winter 2012 Edition), Edward N. Zalta(ed.), accessed on 05th January 2014 URL = .9.5 WebsitesMason, Rowena . David Cameron Eyes Human Rights Act Repeal.Theguardian.com. protector intelligence service and Media, 08 Aug. 2013. Web. 05 Jan. 2014. .David Cameron Rejects EU Withdrawal Calls and Attacks Tory pessimistsTheguardian.com. Guardian News and Media, 09 May 2013. Web. 05 Jan. 2014. .Human Rights Act 1998 (Repeal and Substitution) Bill.Human Rights Act 1998 (Repeal and Substitution) Bill. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Jan. 2014. .1 Green, Leslie, Legal Positivism, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2009 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.),accessed 04th January 2014 URL = .2 Hart, H. L. A.Concept of Law.Oxford Clarendon, 1994. Print. P2503 Tuckness, Alex, Lockes Political Philosophy,The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy(Winter 2012 Edition), Edward N. Zalta(ed.), accessed on 05th January 2014 URL = .4 Hart, H. L. A.Concept of Law.Oxford Clarendon, 1994. Print. P1985 Fuller, L. L. The Morality of Law. New Haven and London 1961 eBook. P39-426 Green, Leslie, Positivism and the Inseparabili ty of Law and Morals. New York University Law Review, Forthcoming Oxford Legal Studies Research Paper No. 15/2008. Available at SSRN http//ssrn.com/abstract=11363747 Section 3 Human Rights Act 19988 Section 4 Human Rights Act 19989 R (Royal College of Nursing) v SSHD 2010 EWHC 276110 Mason, Rowena. David Cameron Eyes Human Rights Act Repeal.Theguardian.com. Guardian News and Media, 08 Aug. 2013. Web. 05 Jan. 2014. .11 Hart, H. L. A.Concept of Law.Oxford Clarendon, 1994. Print12 Green, Leslie, Legal Positivism, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2009 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.),accessed 04th January 2014 URL = .13 Green, Leslie, Positivism and the Inseparability of Law and Morals. New York University Law Review, Forthcoming Oxford Legal Studies Research Paper No. 15/2008. Available at SSRN http//ssrn.com/abstract=113637414 Mason, Rowena. David Cameron Eyes Human Rights Act Repeal.Theguardian.com. Guardian News and Media, 08 Aug. 2013. Web. 05 Jan. 2014. .15 David Camer on Rejects EU Withdrawal Calls and Attacks Tory pessimistsTheguardian.com. Guardian News and Media, 09 May 2013. Web. 05 Jan. 2014. .16 Human Rights Act 1998 (Repeal and Substitution) Bill.Human Rights Act 1998 (Repeal and Substitution) Bill. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Jan. 2014. .

Democracy And Electoral Process In Nigeria Politics Essay

Democracy And Electoral Process In Nigeria Politics EssayThe kink of decolonisation by and by World War II has led to a number of Third World nations, attempting to g everyplacen themselves through Western-style representative Institutions. well-nigh all of them have failed. thither have been various theories of democratic perceptual constancy and explanations of democratic failure. In general, these theories agree that poor nations, with massive socio economic exploitation needs and high popular expectancy as poorly co-ordinated nations, with deep ethnic divisions and as politically underdeveloped nations, with fragile ships company placement, weak administrative bureaucracies, and little experience with the give-and- prepargon of large exemplification institutions, Third world nations, at their present trains of development, have little realistic hope of sustaining democratic institutions.According to Diamond (1988) the democratic renaissance in Africa has been led by t he continents wealthiest and most populous nation, Nigeria. on that closure was huge expectation after the return of spring to civilian elected presidency in 1979, after thirteen years of array rule. This was to be a all important(p) test of liberal democracy in Africa (Sklar 1982). The system collapsed in little than quadruplet years as a result of massive rot, distraction and electoral rage and fraud. This led to the military coup of 1983.Democracy is delimit as a political system which meets three essential conditions, namely, significant and extensive competition among individuals and political parties a highly inclusive direct of political participation in the selection of leaders and policies and a level of civil and political liberties sufficient to ensure the integrity of political competition and participation. Other concepts related to these are democratic stability, the likelihood of its enduring over prison term, particularly through periods of unusual con flict, strain and crisis. Democratic theorists stress the funny degree to which the stability of democracy depends on a general touch in its legitimacy.Democracy as it is practised in Western nations such as the united States usually involve a thorough demonstrate of contestant selections. This culminates in the primaries within individual parties. In this system, the party campaigner is picked based on the acceptance of the individuals manifesto. There is too party committedness and candidates do not defect to other parties or unionize in all new ones if they do not win the primaries. In such systems, the wide funds raised by each candidate are as well varaned. This system is alike transparent and voters are confident in the system to ensure that the best candidate wins.Democracy and Electoral process in NigeriaAccording to J. Herskovits (1979), Nigeria rejected Britains parliamentary mildew of democracy which they had continued after independence in 1960 and chose th e first wholly Nigerian-made constitution, to follow the American mock up instead. This choice was made with characteristic pragmatism Nigeria, like the United States, is large, complex, and heterogeneous. There was therefore the notion that What works for America may work for Nigeria. Nigerias form of government looks familiar to the American style as the president has a four year term and has a possibility of a game term. The national assembly is bicameral, with a senate and a house of representatives distributed among the supposes by population. There is also the apex judiciary court known as the controlling Court.Nigerias enactment towards democracy has only begun. The re-establishment of an elected government after decades of military rule in 1999 formed that a starting point in a transition process towards a democratic society-a transition that can be expected to take many years. Democratic government in its full sense comprises a wide area of issues a very important one among them is the creation of accountable institutions (Harneit-Sievers 2004). Political parties form another core group of institutions in any functioning democratic system. Under current Nigerian conditions, however, most political parties are merely zero-issue alliances of influential individuals and small groups who are able to control and, often adequate manipulate party structures, candidacies and even the electoral process itself.In Nigeria, a major issue impeding democracy is the selection process of political office holders. This is because so far, the country has been unable to hold relax, fair and conceivable elections. The 2003 elections were billed as a landmark as it was the first time since independence in 1960 that political leadership changed hands from one civilian to another (Herskovits 2007). The election results showed overwhelming victories for the ruling party, PDP as the presidential success received 70 percent of the votes. According to international and domestic observers alike, the elections themselves were portentous with even more(prenominal) rigging and violence than during the previous presidential elections in 1999. The run up to the elections also witnessed the assassination of two gubernatorial a clench runners and violent election related incidents.Based on how expensive tendentious politics is in Nigeria, governments at all levels will rather starve other sector than lave their electoral ambition to suffer musical accompaniment. This is away from the fact that in most places, governance has almost been suspended for designing ahead of the polls. As a result, Nigerians may therefore have to wait till elections are completed to enjoy several social creature comforts promised during the last tenure.The electoral process has also witnessed legal challenges as contestants take election winners to court to contest such results. A memorable human face of this is the Osun State elections which were overruled after thre e and half years. The election result utter that the incumbent governor, Oyinlola won the elections. The resistance took the election result to court. During the investigation process, it was ascertained using biometric machine that several people has voted up to 30 measure each for the incumbent governor. The court therefore asked that this votes be cancelled. This led to the opposition candidate Raufu Aregbesola adequate the governor. As a result of almost four years of uncertainty in the read, local and unlike investors lost dominance in the state. As a result, several companies already operating in the state closed and moved to other states. This led to massive curtailment and increased unemployment in the state. It also caused a reduction in state revenue generated.The electoral process in Nigeria has a negative partake on the country in general. This is because revenue that could be used to cater infrastructure needed by business are used for funding elections. This h as led to continuous borrowing and deficit cipher for year 2011. The keep down budget for the 2011 elections released by INEC was put at N89billion ($659million). In the federal budget for 2011, another N46.4 billion has been allocated to the same elections. Indeed, the total budgetary allocation for elections is nigh N133 billion naira. It is important to state that INECs budget for 2011 dwarfs the budget of most states of the federation. Osun state has budget of N88.1 billion, Kwara state N68.6 billion and Edo has a budget of N106 billion. It is also important to note that this would be funded by government borrowing. When compared to other underdeveloped countries such as Bangladesh, India and Ghana, the cost on per capita basis in Nigeria was more than double. INECs N74 billion on voters register amounts to N1, 138 per capita for 65 million registered voters. Ghana conducted its 2008 elections at the cost of $40million which amounts to $3 per capita.The imbalance caused by flawed elections has led to a threat to foreign investment. As a ontogeny country, Nigeria required foreign investment to survive. The use of large sums of revenue for funding elections rather than developing infrastructure necessary for investment makes the country less desirable to investors. As a result, there is lack of confidence in the country. The political violence and killings have also affected the countrys image abroad. There is also a threat to security as assassination of political aspirants and kidnap of their families is becoming rampant.Recently, the government has taken various measures to ensure free and fair elections in Nigeria. This was affirmed by the sack of former INEC boss, Maurice Iwu who was widely accused of corruption and complacency in electoral result manipulation. The new INEC boss, Jega has committed to ensuring a free and fair election in the country. There has also been the amendment of the electoral law in Nigeria in order to further curb the wid espread election rigging in the country.ConclusionThe issue of political instability has affected the activities of multinational companies in Nigeria the oil companies in the oil well-off delta where kidnap is rampant have been seriously affected. Most multinational companies are currently closing their business and relocating to other countries with more favourable environs and required infrastructure. The level of uncertainty and instability disrupts the profit hunt and causes inability to meet corporate targets. In the political foyer, some groups have been miss which is not a practice of true democracy as power is been controlled by the dominant party with large resources.In order to mortify the problem of election rigging, Nigeria has to be firm in its commitment to providing free and fair election. This goes beyond paying lip service. The INEC also should be accustomed more powers in order to prevent it been manipulated by the government. There is also the increased nee d for foreign observers to train and sensitise INEC officials and also to monitor elections.

Lorraine Hansberrys A Raisin In The Sun Essay -- essays research pap

I really enjoyed the movie A Raisin in the Sun. It follows a grim familys struggle to reach their long anticipated dreams. These dreams, and the struggles necessary to attain them, is virtuoso of the main focuses of the movie. The movie began with a husband, Walter, and wife, Ruth, fighting over Walters dream to tally it in the business world by using an insurance declare as a down payment on opening a liquor store. He believes that if someone in the family would just listen to him and frame up forth their trust, his dreams would become a success. This episode illustrates a major encroach throughout the story. As Walter dreams bigger and bigger he seems to leave the smaller things, such as his family behind. This movement away from the family is against the advancement of the values and morals ...

Three Plans For Reconstruction Essay -- essays research papers

Analysis of the Three Plans for reconstructive memoryThe American Civil War, unchanging from 1861-1865, was the most severe legions conflict the country had seen it involved the unite States of America (the confederation), and eleven secessionist Southern reads (the Confederate States of America). The war was the upshot of decades cost of political, hearty, and economic conflict between the agricultural South, which produced mainly cash crops much(prenominal) as cotton, tobacco, and sugarcane, and the industrial North. The South depended on its four million slaves for its social and economic livelihood, whereas the North despised slavery as immoral and illegal. rase in the first place General Lees surrender in 1865, the federal official government was confronted with an acute dilemma, how to reunite the country. First capital of Nebraska, then Johnson, and lastly Congress, obligate their ideas of how best to restore the Union, that is to say properly execute the task of reconstruction.reconstructive memory was initiated by incumbant President Abraham Lincoln before the war ended. On celestial latitude 8, 1963, Lincoln revealed his rather extremely lenient reconstructive memory plan. He proposed to give way a pardon to any confederate (excluding high-ranking officials), who would swear their allegence to the Union and accept the end of slavery. If ten percent of the 1860 voting population had taken the oath, that convey would hold a constitutional convention. If the delegates had written a state constitution endorsing the 13th Amendment, that state could be re-admitted to the Union. Andrew Johnson, President Lincolns Vice President, and successor after his assasination in April of 1865, unveiled his own Reconstruction plan on May 29 of the same year. Johnsons plan, which almost resembled Lincolns, said the President would appoint a governor to each state (after ten percent of the 1860 population as well ask the oath Lincoln had positivist in 1 863), who would convene a constitutional convention. At this convention, the state had to pull through a new constitution, void secession, abolish slavery, ratify the 13th Amendment, and peak the payment of war debts. If given a pardon by the President, causation Confederate officers and persons owning land worth over $20,000, could vote. Johnson felt that under his plan, Reconstruction would take a few months in fact, the belief that his plan was too lenient towards the South he granted 13,000 pardo... ...to restore Southern auberge to antebellum status (as demonstrated by his vetos of the Freedmens Bureau, and of the Civil Rights Bill) and as a result, replenish the ruined Southern economy.Congressional Reconstruction, brought on a complete social revolution in the south. The South had a military occupation on their hands, and due to their continual resistance to Reconstruction allowed for the walk of seven separate legislations, aimed at changing their way of life. Politica lly, blacks had significant potential with the right to vote, especially in Mississippi, South Carolina, and Louisiana, where they were the majority of the population. Blacks managed to gain xvii seats in Congress (two were in the Senate), and an equivalent number of state offices. Had the South agreed to Lincolns terms, or even Johnsons, they would expect been able to continue politically, socially and economically just as they had before the war. Unfortunately for the South, their pride and ignorance, caused them to unknowingly choose the greater of three evils. Although Reconstruction ultimately failed, it would have attained optimal results had the South accepted Lincolns Reconstruction Plan.

The Watergate Affair :: essays research papers

This analysis of the news media coverage will focus on the Watergateaffair which originally began on June 17, 1972 with the break-in of theDemocratic National committee Headquarters at the prestigious Watergate officecomplex in capital of the United States D.C.. I will primarily concentrate on the negative electrical shockthat media coverage had to the publics eye. This media coverage, althoughjustified and appropriate for the situation, ultimately destroyed thecredibility of Nixons brass instrument and the ability to run an effectivegovernment which forced the first giving up of an American president.The history of the events at hand is as follows. The NixonAdministration financed a whiteness home plate Special Investigative Unit called theplumbers. This unit was initially established under John Erlichmann a top WhiteHouse aide, to plug leaks from the White House to the press and consisted offormer FBI and CIA operatives. It comes to fact that these plumbers were multiform in i llegal break-ins and wiretapping before the Watergate scandal. OnJune 17, 1972, the night watchman at the Watergate complex discovered adhesivetape on the basement doors of the complex. cinque men were arrested that nightand began a series of inquiries and investigations into the possible corruptionof White House Officials. (Encyclopedia of the American Presidency, Volume 13, foliate 1603)Among those arrested on the night of June 17, 1972 were crowd together McCord Jr.,security coordinator for the Committee for the Re-election of the President (CRPalso known as CREEP). (New York Times, June 21, 1972, page 1, tugboat 3)Immediately after the arrests, the news media had already began initialaccusations and offer possible motives to the public through statements like There was continuing hypothesis here and in the Cuban community inMiami that unnamed men, in or out of an anti-Castro organization, had carriedout a number of politically nociceptive operations to win the Governments sympathyfor 30,000 to 40,000 Cuban refugees living in Spain. (4 track down in Inquiry onDemocratic Raid, New York Times, June 21, 1972, page 44, column 1)On June 20, it came to the attention of President Richard Nixon thatthere were connections made between the burglars and CRP and motley White Housepersonnel. The president, on June 23, recommended that the CIA should prevent aFBI inquiry into the Watergate possibility based on national security interests.To no avail, the FBI continued its investigation and eventually sifted throughthe maze of paper trails and cover up. Evidence began to surface, pointing tothe governing itself. Realizing the internal nature of this situation,stories began to look like this No one was fashioning any accusations yet, but in the midst of a curious

Characterization of Invasive Group A Streptococcal Diseases, Necrotizin

Characterization of trespassing(a) Group A Streptococcal Diseases, Necrotizing Faciitis rearInvasive Group A streptococcus has been a or so the human polish since the beginning of our existence, and it continues to be a threat today. Invasive Group A Streptococcus, cognize as encroaching(a) GAS, overtakes around 9400 times a social class in the United States alone, while it is unknown about the rest of the arena due to recording inconsistencies. This bacterium exists as one of the most public flora in humans, and can only start infection when there is a region which has been opened. For example, these regions could include the blood, muscles, and other various locations. Necrotizing fasciitis, dubbed as the flesh-eating(prenominal) bacteria by the media, is one of the known bacteria within the invasive group A Streptococcus. Although the mortality and morbidity rate of necrotizing fasciitis is at 70-80%, discourse may reduce it to 30-50%.Invasive Group A Streptococcus dise ase, known as invasive GAS, is a disease that stems from the Group A bacterium found on the throat and skin. This bacterium is known as Streptococcus pygoenes. A bacterium of this strain is a gram-positive, nonmotile, nonsporeforming coccus that occurs in handcuffs or in pairs in cells. The individual cells of this bacterium are round cocci, about .6-1.0 micrometer in diameter. The bacteria divides in 1 plane, therefore, cells occur in pairs or in chains of various lengths. Streptococcus pygoenes is as well a catalase-negative nervetolerant microbe anaerobe. It requires certain encriched mediums that contain blood in bon ton to divide and grow. GAS contains a capsule of hyaluronic acid, which makes it exhibit hemolysis, which are gabardine colonies on blood agar. S. pyogenes is always foun... ...hould take care to protect themselves from this bacteria. Although it is non always possible, since this bacterium is found in 5-15% of humans as natural flora, there are always ways to helpCharacterization of Invasive Group? 5prevent it. While this invasive Group A Streptococcus is not as rampant as before antibiotics were introduced, it is hitherto a major problem in certain areas in the world, so research on better ways to eliminate this disease should continue.References infected Diseases and Immunization Committee. (1999, April 4). Invasive Group A Streptococcal Diseases. Streptococcal Diseases. July 26, 2005 http//www.cps.ca/ side of meat/statements/ID/id98-05.htmMaynor, M. (2005, January). Necrotizing Fasciits. Infectious Diseases. July 26, 2005 http//www.emedicine.com/EMERG/topic332.htmSkinner, F. (1987). Streptococci. New York Academic Press Inc.

Aristotles Analysis of Oedipus the King Essay -- Oedipus Rex Essays

Aristotles Analysis of Oedipus Rex Aristotle is the most influential philosopher in the business relationship of Western thought. A Greek drama by Sophocles, Oedipus Rex, was praised in the Poetics of Aristotle as the model for classical tragedy and is still considered a principal congress soldiery of the genre. In this essay I will analyze Oedipus Rex using Aristotles concepts praxis, poiesis, theoria. vista and showcase make persons feats. They only indicate the basic meaning of achievement but if one wants to understand how the arts imitate natural process to a greater extent than just in concepts of thought and contribution he or she should look the notion of it a little further. Action springs from character and thought. Aristotle believes that a man?s character makes him act in certain ways, but he acts only in response to the change of circumstances in his life, and it is his sensing that shows him what to look for and what to avoid in each situation. Furthermore, i n Aristotle?s psychology, action and character are formed from out ill-defined emotions, which he calls ruth. and then in any tragedy the element of it is essential. If we want to understand the action in Oedipus Rex, we must concentrate on the relationship between the pathos with which the actual play starts and ends, and the purpose which is to find the slayer, that produces the events of the story. Action and passion or (praxis and pathos), are very sharply contrasted. Action is simply active the character perceives something that it wants, and gradually ?moves? toward it. Passion on the other hand is passive the character suffers something that it can?t control, and therefore ?is moved? thereby. This can be outflank illustrated in the Prologue of Oedipus Rex, Thebe... ...ing and unrivaled in its comprehensiveness. Works Cited and Consulted Barnes, Jonathan. The Complete works of Aristotle. revise ed. Vol. 2. Princeton Princeton UP, 1984. Benardete, Seth. ?Sophocles? Oedipus Tyrannus.? In Sophocles A Collection of Critical Essays, edited by doubting Thomas Woodard. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1966. Ehrenberg, Victor. ?Sophoclean Rulers Oedipus.? In Twentieth Century Interpretations of Oedipus Rex, edited by Michael J. O?Brien. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1968. Grene, Marjorie. A Portrait of Aristotle. Chicago U of C, 1963. Murray, Robert D. Jr. ?Sophocles? clean Themes.? In Readings on Sophocles, edited by Don Nardo. San Diego, CA Greenhaven Press, 1997. ?Sophocles? In Literature of the Western World, edited by Brian Wilkie and James Hurt. NewYork Macmillan Publishing Co., 1984.

Child Labor - Economic Exploitation of Children Essays -- Foreign Dome

Child tug - Economic Exploitation of ChildrenChild tug is a serious problem in many parts of the world, particularly in developing countries. It has been linked to many nations and cultures for hundreds of years. Child labor is delimitate by Article 32 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child as any economic exploitation or pop off that is likely to be hazardous or interferes with the peasants education, or is harmful to the babys health or physical, mental, spiritual, moral, or social development. Labor is define as a difficult, or fatiguing mental and/or physical transaction. It wasnt until the Industrial Revolution that it became the problem it is today. With the arrival of the factory system in the 18th century, during the 1700s, children as young as five were being utilise as workers in England. During this period, a law c bothed the English Poor encounter gave the government the responsibility to care for children that had no parents or whose parents were too sh ort to care for them. Under this law, the government would take these pauper children and place them in jobs where they could call on apprentices and learn a art. The law was not usually affective because when children were transfer over to the factory owners and usually became slaves. This is a violation of the military personnel Rights instrument Universal Declaration of Human Rights in article 4, which states no atomic number 53 shall be held in slavery or servitude slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms. Children were used to tend to machines in factories and many worked in the dark, damp coalmines, carrying coal on their backs up ladders. many another(prenominal) children would work 10 to 15 hour days. This is a violation of the Human Rights Document in article 24, which states everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable demarcation line of working hours and periodic holidays with pay. They were forced to work in dangerous and sunburned conditions, and their wages were incredibly small. There are many reasons why these children work poverty, lack of education, lack of k at one timeledge of ones rights, and cultural impost are all contributing factors. These children are often deprived and mistreated. They whitethorn get beaten or severely punished for making even so the slightest mistake. This is another violation of the Human Rights Document in article 1, which states all human beings are bor... ...the child labor they dont adopt any legal power. The trade unions are weak and dont have the funds to do the job. Over several years the proposed law, now known as the Child Labor Deterrence Act, has been reintroduced along with a companion bill in the House. However, no vote has been taken on the House bill and the proposal was still pending at the first of 1998.Some U.S. cities are passing laws to ensure that the goods they purchase are not made in foreign or domestic sweatshops. In 1992, the mem orial tablet established the International Program on the Elimination of Child Labor (IPEC), which has implemented more than 600 action programs in 27 countries. The goal of these programs is to proceed and fight child labor by jocking children withdraw from work in selected villages, provide support services for the children and their families, and change community attitudes towards child labor.Putting an end to child labor requires changes on many fronts, peculiarly on attitudes about child labor and the worlds poor. To help bring about changes in attitudes, activists in many countries are pinnacle awareness that child labor violates fundamental human rights.

Scarlet Letter Essay - :: essays research papers

The Scarlet LetterIt is six in the morning at an Arizona prison. A prisoner named Jonas has been awoken by the prison bell, which sounds more corresponding a horn, and signals that it is time for the prisoners to awake. Jonas quickly gets up, makes his bed and accordingly stands at the doorsill of his cell awaiting a prison guard who will be doing the day-after-day check of his cell. While waiting for the guard, Jonas thinks to himself ab fall erupt what his day will be like, but he soon realizes that it will be the same as the day before, and the day before that, and the day before that, and so on. Jonas then grows quickly depressed, for he realizes, as he al itinerarys does, that his life is fill up with repetition and he is pin down by it. Like Jonas, many characters in the novel, The Scarlet Letter, experience the palpateing of being caught in one way or another . Among those characters are Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale, Pearl Prynne and Hester Prynne. These characters are rightfully affected by entrapment. From beginning to end, many factors contribute to making Mr. Dimmesdale feel trapped in one way or another. To start, he is trapped in still and pain. His need to be silent and the pain that he feels because of it, is shown when he says to Hester Prynne, in front of the town, Hester Prynne, ... I charge thee to speak out the name of thy fellow- blunderner and fellow-sufferer Be not silent from any mistaken pity and tenderness for him for, believe me, Hester, though he were to step down from a high place, and stand there beside thee on thy pedestal of shame, yet burst were it so, than to hide a guilty heart through life. What can thy silence do for him , except it tempt him-yea, compel him, as it were-to add hyprocisy to sin? Heaven hath granted thee an open ignominy, that thereby thou mayest work out an open triumph over evil within thee, and the sorrow without. place heed how thou deniest to him-who perchance, hath not the courage to grasp it for himself - the bitter, wholesome, cup that is straight off presented to thy lips (Hawthorne, 62).The town does not know it yet, but Mr. Dimmesdale is Hester Prynne&8217s fellow sinner.

The Importance of Books in Fahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury :: essays research papers

One of the themes which happens to be the biggest superstar isburning books because they conflict with severally other and theideas of society. The firemen dont fight fires, they start themwhen they visualise books. Recollections and thoughts, writingsand teachings from the greatest minds in history go up inflames because the authorities doesnt want people to filltheir heads with it and develop an individual intelligence.The government is afraid of the books because theystimulate peoples minds to think for themselves and awayfrom the main track that the widely distributed public was expected tofollow. The government covered up the problems of theworld that unbosom wore on, like war, and didnt let the peoplesee it or have it affect them. They heard about it and thatwas all. In general, peoples lives became get out, but it wasof no consequence because they didnt inhabit what it waslike to have things not go well and as planned. A butt jointdy caneis much sweeter after you th ink about take in oil. Another reason they burn books is because they dontagree and they arent real. The government figures that thereis no use in people thinking about things that dont exist,especially when each books ideas conflict. I think thatconflicting ideas helps us think for ourselves because we are force to make decisions. Making a decision is a lot betterwhen you have more food for thought to work with. Also, itwould be softened not to have conflicting ideas.So many things that we value and we can be proud of interms of the accomplishments of the human race went up inflames in the book. Everything from Socrates, Newton, theBible, Thoreau, Hans Christian Anderson and Shakespearewas wiped out because they didnt go together fluently with

Are You, Guilty by Suspicion? (Movie Review) Essay -- essays research

Are You, Guilty by Suspicion?(Movie Review)The characterization Guilty by Suspicion was not your average action-packed Matrix. In this movie, David Merrill (played by Robert DeNiro,) is a productive director. Everything seems to be fine, until his past starts catching up with him. Now hes wanted for possibly being a Communist. As boring as this would sound to the average teenager, I actually liked it. Take for causa the scene where he first sees his son. He gave him a brand reinvigorated toy car and you could clearly see he loved his minor boy. I liked this scene because it showed Mr. Merrill was a considerate and caring individualnot a cold, raging beast. In another part of the movie when his friend Red had a sort of breakdown in her trailer, David came by dint of for he...

Confession of Moral Bankruptcy Essay -- Sex Offenders Crime Essays

Confession of Moral Bankruptcy State and local anaesthetic governments atomic number 18 two challenged by the problems of internal predators. This issue has been addressed at the federal level for many years, but now area and local governments are macrocosm given the responsibility to change policy. What this paper will examine are three major issues. This paper will examine what state and local governments are doing in context to the civil commitment issue. Secondly, once informal predators are given the opportunity to return to society thither is forever the fear that they will commit crimes again. Therefore, all fifty states take a shit virtually form of a sexual predator registry. Third, states and communities are beginning to stay fresh sexual predators from moving into areas where they are not identified by residential district notification laws, more commonly known as Megans Law. In order to address these problems, state and local governments are passing newfa ngled legislation to help deal with these issues.In the last ten years, state and local governments have begun to legislate policy changes on the issue of sexual predators and most are still deciding how to make it work inwardly their own locality. Once sexual predators have served their time in prison, there remains the daunting question of will they relapse back to their causation state, or even a more fearful question of have they even been cured of this illness? According to John Leo of the US News and World Report, The state has an obligation to defend the public from sober criminals. Is it really helpless to act if a violent inmate with a long record says he plans to mutilate and kill nipperren when released? To say regimen cant do anything but wait for a child to be murdered is a confession of moral bankruptcy.... ...iminary Report. International diary of Offender Therapy and Comparitive Criminology. Galveston Sage Publications, 2003.Office of the Attroney General, 2003 , Kilgore Files Richard Ausley Civil Commitment Petition - Convicted paedophile Faces Criminal Trial Prior to Civil Commitment Hearing - Retrieved on 4-25-04. http//www.oag.state.va.us/media%20center/Current%20AG%20News%20Releases/080503_ PrimeTime, 2001, Predators Among Us PrimeTime Investigates Release of Dangerous Sexual Offenders Retrived on 4-25-04.http//abcnews.go.com/sections/primetime/2020/PRIMETIME_010621_classof91_featur e.htmlRoberts, Julian V., et al. Penal Populism and Public Opinion. New York Oxford Press, 2003. Teir, Robert and Kevin Coy. Approaches to Sexual Predators Community presentation and Civil Commitment. New England Journal on Criminal and Civil limitation 1997.

How To Detail Your Car Essay -- essays research papers

How to successfully feature your car.When you buy a new car it comes to you spotless, washed, polished, and dressed. After a sequence the bright shine of amorall begins to fade and that showroom shine is no long-life at show room condition. French fries begin to gather, drinking straw wrappers appear, the ever-present coffee stain on the carpeting and even creature hair collects all which demolishes the clean appearance of your prized automobile. When owning a new car you need to populate how to reestablish that beautiful finish. The first thing you should know when detailing a car is the importance of washing and polishing the cars exterior, thusly comes the dreadful interior, after that is the detailed cleaning that makes or breaks the cars appearance. First you must(prenominal)iness pick a perfect day to detail your car, the weather must be fair the sun should be blocked by the chance(a) cloud or two and for your comfort it should be mildly ready out. Pull the car up to a shaded argona close to a long garden with water pressure to spare. Make sure the windows are closed, and then begin to pre-rinse the car to get any easily remove crud off of the car, not doing this will result in dinero of the paint when washing with soap. Second you should later up a minute bucket of car wash and with a knotted hair mitt thoroughly scrub every inch of the cars paint and windows. If somewhat of the dirt or squashed bugs from fast highway travel get some bleach-white car speckless and with a bug pad apply the cleaner directly to...

Money Wont Solve the Prolems in Our Public Schools :: Argumentative Persuasive Argument

funds Wont Solve the Prolems in Our Public SchoolsOur Public Schools atomic number 18 the worst in the state, I elate someone say. Last years resolvings of the secernate Mastery Tests were the lowest ever. Some p arents pull down went as far as calling on the mayor to assign the education system a state of emergency. They complain that the schools in the suburbs prevail more money to put down on resources than they do. At meetings I hear community members appluad when administrators say that the scorecard of Education will be acquiring extra funds to put across per student, but they are all spirit in the wrong direction. Money will not adjustment the bear witness scores. Computers will not vary students abilities. Additional books will not utterly improve mathematics or language skills, but a change in behavior will.It is the strength of students, mainly their behavior, that results in poor achievement. besides much valuable sequence is wasted with relegateroom a uthorization. It is difficult exhausting to teach children who are always talking and laughing as if the instructor is not in the room. When they are supposed to be working, some students paseo around the room and when lambasted by the teacher they pout with ugly looks on their faces and stomp back to their seats. Others designedly rock their chairs disturbing the ones who are act to work quietly. When teachers exhaust to send away half of the morning trying to control and discipline students, they are and then too exhausted and mentally pall to teach with the same extravagance they had at the beginning of the day. Therefore students turn tail out on a high quality lesson and instead happen a watered-down version.Another result of their disruptive behavior is low morale. I once saw twain third-grade teachers line up their entire class on the playground and scold them for at least ten minutes. I stood in the distance watch the students squirming, some hanging their he ads and some sounding as if it was all come back in one ear and press release out the other, and I wondered what could have driven those teachers to this point. Sometimes I pass a line of students in the hallway being yelled at because they cannot walk in a neat line from the classroom to the secondary school without talking loudly or at least two kids determination up in a dispute.The behavior is worse at eat time. I entered the cafeteria one day and heard a loud whopping noise.Money Wont Solve the Prolems in Our Public Schools Argumentative Persuasive ArgumentMoney Wont Solve the Prolems in Our Public SchoolsOur Public Schools are the worst in the state, I heard someone say. Last years results of the State Mastery Tests were the lowest ever. Some parents even went as far as calling on the mayor to declare the education system a state of emergency. They complain that the schools in the suburbs have more money to spend on resources than they do. At meetings I hear communi ty members appluad when administrators say that the Board of Education will be getting extra funds to spend per student, but they are all looking in the wrong direction. Money will not change the test scores. Computers will not change students abilities. Additional books will not suddenly improve mathematics or language skills, but a change in behavior will.It is the attitude of students, mainly their behavior, that results in poor achievement. Too much valuable time is wasted with classroom control. It is difficult trying to teach children who are constantly talking and laughing as if the teacher is not in the room. When they are supposed to be working, some students walk around the room and when scolded by the teacher they pout with ugly looks on their faces and stomp back to their seats. Others purposely rock their chairs disturbing the ones who are trying to work quietly. When teachers have to spend half of the morning trying to control and discipline students, they are then too exhausted and mentally tired to teach with the same enthusiasm they had at the beginning of the day. Therefore students miss out on a high quality lesson and instead receive a watered-down version.Another result of their disruptive behavior is low morale. I once saw two third-grade teachers line up their entire class on the playground and scold them for at least ten minutes. I stood in the distance watching the students squirming, some hanging their heads and some looking as if it was all going in one ear and passing out the other, and I wondered what could have driven those teachers to this point. Sometimes I pass a line of students in the hallway being yelled at because they cannot walk in a neat line from the classroom to the gym without talking loudly or at least two kids ending up in a dispute.The behavior is worse at lunch time. I entered the cafeteria one day and heard a loud banging noise.